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Thornbury is a market town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) north of the city of Bristol, with a population of 12,342 at the 2001 UK census. The 2011 census gives a population of 12,063 for the parish of Thornbury and 11,687 for the built-up area. The town contains South Gloucestershire Council headquarters and is twinned with Bockenem in Germany. Thornbury is a Britain in Bloom award-winning town, with its own competition, Thornbury in Bloom.〔(Thornbury in Bloom )〕 The suburbs include the Morton and Thornbury Park districts. The civil parish also includes the hamlet of Milbury Heath. ==History== There is evidence of human activity in the Thornbury area in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, but evidence of the Roman presence is limited to the Thornbury hoard, of 11,460 Roman coins dating from AD 260–348, found in 2004 during the digging for a fishpond.〔 It was acquired by Bristol Museum for £40,000. (''treasurehunting.tv'' )〕 The earliest documentary evidence of a village at "Thornbyrig" dates from the end of the 9th century.〔(Thornbury Location 7 history )〕 Domesday Book noted a manor of "Turneberie" belonging to William the Conqueror's consort, Matilda of Flanders, with 103 residents. St Mary's Church, begun in the 12th century with later additions, is the oldest surviving building. The town charter was granted in 1252 by Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and lord of the manor of Thornbury.〔(Thornbury & District Museum: The Historic Borough and Town of Thornbury )〕 The charter's 750th anniversary in 2002 was celebrated with a "750" flowerbed planted in Grovesend Road. The town grew around the site of its cattle market. Thornbury lost its status as a borough in 19th-century local government reforms, but in 1974 the parish council exercised its new right to designate itself a town council. The ancient parish covered a large area extending to the River Severn, and included the detached area of Rangeworthy until 1866, when this became a separate civil parish. In 1894 the western part was detached to form the civil parish of Oldbury-on-Severn and the eastern part to create that of Falfield.〔(Vision of Britain website )〕 Thornbury Township, Pennsylvania, USA, founded in 1687, was named after Thornbury, Gloucestershire, by George Pearce, whose wife Ann came from there.〔Smith, George, ''History of Delaware County, PA'', Delaware County Institute of Science, 1862.〕 In 1765 Dr John Fewster of Thornbury presented a paper to the Medical Society of London entitled "Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox". Fewster was a big influence on his friend and colleague Edward Jenner, the pioneer of vaccination. Thornbury was once the terminus of a Midland Railway (later LMS) branch line from Yate on the Bristol to Gloucester main line, with intermediate stations at Iron Acton and Tytherington. It lost its passenger services in June 1944 but lived on as a goods route, also serving quarries at Tytherington. The site of Thornbury railway station and the line have been redeveloped into a supermarket, a housing estate, a bypass road and a long footpath. Further relics of the line can be seen at Tytherington Quarry to the east of the town. There are plans to reopen the line to Yate via Tytherington and Iron Acton and possibly restore services to Gloucester and Bristol. Thornbury had a market held in the high street and the market hall. It moved to Rock Street in 1911 but closed in the late 1990s, being partly replaced by a smaller market in a car park near the United Reformed Church. The older site has been redeveloped as a community centre called "Turnberrie's"; the older community centre, at 'the Chantry' in Castle Street remains in active use. The old market hall is now a clothes shop. Thornbury's coat of arms combines the arms of four families important to its history: Attwells, Howard, Clare and Stafford. John Attwells bequeathed £500 for the establishment of a free school that merged with the grammar school in 1879. The Attwells arms was later adopted as the badge for the grammar school. The other three families held the manor at Thornbury over several centuries, with the Latin motto ''Decus Sabrinae Vallis'' (Jewel of the Severn Vale).〔(i16.tinypic.com )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thornbury, Gloucestershire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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